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- Cisco Secure Access Control Server for Windows EAP-TLS Deployment Guide for Wireless LAN Networks.
- Internet and public networks* There are two capabilities that provide different levels of access to the Internet and public networks. The internetClient capability.
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EAP- TLS Deployment Guide for Wireless LAN Networks . It introduces the EAP- TLS architecture and then discusses deployment issues. An example enterprise rollout for EAP- TLS is discussed in the section . Since then, adoption of wireless LAN (WLAN) solutions in vertical (retail, education, health care, transportation, and so on) and horizontal markets has accelerated. As standardized by the IEEE, security for 8.
The implementation of these components has been proven insecure and has been extensively documented by the security community. A proposal jointly submitted to the IEEE by Cisco Systems, Microsoft, and other organizations introduced an end- to- end framework using 8. X and the EAP to provide this enhanced functionality. Central to this proposal are two main elements. Microsoft's latest operating system, Windows XP, provides support for 8. EAP- TLS and EAP Message Digest 5 .
Thus, a variety of EAP authentication protocols can be used to authenticate users in today's WLAN networks. Figure 2- 1 illustrates the mixed EAP protocol deployment in a WLAN network. Mixed 8. 02. 1x Protocol Deployment in a Wireless LAN Network. As shown in Figure 2- 1, either the Cisco Access Control Server (ACS) or the Cisco Access Registrar can be used for a combined LEAP and EAP- TLS protocol deployment in an enterprise network.
Table 2- 1 compares the characteristics of the widely available EAP protocols: Table 2- 1 Comparison of Widely Available 8. EAP Authentication Protocols. EAP Compliance. Mutual Authentication. Dynamic Wired Equivalent Privacy Support. Operating System Support. Cisco EAP (LEAP). Windows platforms (Windows XP, 2.
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ME and NT), Windows CE, Linux, Disk Operation System (DOS), and Mac OS. As shown in Table 2- 1, EAP MD5 does not support mutual authentication nor dynamic derivation of the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) key, which are essential for WLAN networks. Therefore, Cisco recommends that you do not deploy EAP MD5 in a WLAN environment. Section 3 further introduces the reader to the EAP/8. Section 4 discusses Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and EAP- TLS authentication protocol.
In Section 5, EAP- TLS deployment criteria are examined in detail. Section 6 provides details about the Validation Lab that was built to illustrate an example EAP- TLS rollout in a WLAN network.
Section 7 provides EAP- TLS troubleshooting tips. Appendix A details the setup for Windows 2. Server Certificate Services. Appendix B provides instructions for configuring EAP- TLS using demo certificates (for proof of concept testing). An authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) client (also known as a network access server) such as an access point that supports EAP need not have any understanding of the specific EAP type used in the EAP authentication process.
The network access server tunnels the authentication messages between the peer (user machine trying to authenticate) and the AAA server (such as the Cisco Secure ACS). The network access server is aware only of when the EAP authentication process starts and when it ends. Mutual authentication is usually required in a WLAN environment. For a detailed discussion about designing and implementing WLAN security (including 8.
EAP architecture), refer to www. TLS provides a way to use certificates for both user and server authentication and for dynamic session key generation. The following section introduces PKI and the concepts of certificates, certificate authorization, and validating user identity. A simple example of SSL usage that is familiar to most people will be examined briefly.
It acts as a trusted component that guarantees the authenticity of the binding between a public key and security information, including identity, involved in securing a transaction with public key cryptography. It is valid for a limited period of time (called the validity period), for a specific usage, and under certain conditions and limitations described in a certificate policy. The authority that issues this certificate is called the certification authority. In its key management function, it registers users needing keys and certificates, collects information required to submit a certification or a revocation request, and connects certification authorities. In general, a certification authority is a specialized component that works in an offline mode and is operated by a certification- authority operator according to a certification policy. Public key certification may be an offline process. For example, the initialization of an end entity involves providing it with the public key certificate of a trusted certification authority.
The initialization of a certification authority involves the generation of its key pair. The end entity provides its name and other attributes to be included in its public key certificate(s) and the certification authority (or the registration authority, or both) verifies the correctness of the provided information. If the key pair is not generated by the end entity itself, then the generated private key must be distributed to the end entity in a secure way (for example, through a secure key distribution protocol, or by using a physical token such as a smart card). After verifying the correctness of the end entity's name and attributes (and that the end entity possess the corresponding private key), the certification authority issues a certificate for the end entity's public key. That certificate is then returned to the end entity or posted in a repository where it is publicly available, or both.
Also, a secured tunnel between the customer and Amazon must be established to send the credit card number safely. SSL provides this capability. In this case, the customer (using SSL) authenticates Amazon; but note that Amazon does not authenticate the customer. This is called server- side authentication (only the server is authenticated). With EAP- TLS, the RADIUS server authenticates the user, and the user authenticates the RADIUS server.
This is called mutual authentication. EAP- TLS authentication will be examined in detail later. If Amazon and the customer share a secret (a shared secret known only to the customer and to Amazon), the customer is then able to challenge Amazon and to verify that Amazon is holding the shared secret. The problem with this model is that it is impossible for everyone in the world to have a shared secret with everyone else.
PKI was invented for this reason. PKI eliminates the need for a shared secret between you and Amazon. Digital certificates are used instead. Only the owner of the certificate knows the private key, whereas the public key (hence its name) is known to everyone. With this key pair, asymmetric encryption is used. A message that was encrypted with the private key can be decrypted only with its corresponding public key and vice versa.
Continuing with the example, Amazon encrypts the messages with its private key, and the customer decrypts them using Amazon's public key. In this way, the customer can be sure that any information he or she decrypted with the public key was encrypted using the corresponding private key. In the same way, if one wants to send an encrypted message to Amazon, the message is encrypted using Amazon's public key. Only the holder of the private key (Amazon.
Using this method, a user can validate that Amazon is a legitimate key holder for a given digital certificate. However, trusting that someone is in possession of a digital certificate only provides a name/key- pair binding. Continuing our Amazon. Amazon is really the entity he or she is communicating with. A third party is needed to validate the identity of Amazon. For this we have the signature of the authority (the certification- authority entity) that issued the certificate to Amazon. The Web browser is configured with a list of trusted root certification authorities.
This list is known as a certificate trust list (CTL). Any certificate in this list (that is, the certificate of a root certification authority) is automatically trusted by the client.